Mark Twain s A True Story Essay - 1755 Words

A True Story and How it Addresses the Rhetoric of Race As one of the great American authors, Mark Twain is recognized for his unique contributions as a writer, one of them being his involvements in the racial debates during the 19th and 20th centuries. Some of his works such as an excerpt from his Autobiography, stories from â€Å"The Celebrated Jumping Frog from Calavaras County†, â€Å"Buck Fanshawe’s funeral† and â€Å"A True Story† have been particularly included in the selections of â€Å"The Heath Anthology of American Literature† to illustrate the nature of The American Society and its issue with race during the 19th and 20th centuries (Lauter 408). In â€Å"A True Story†, Mark Twain writes about the accounts of an elderly African American woman as told to him by an ex-slave that had previously worked at his sister-in-law’s plantation. â€Å"A True Story† is more than a fascinating tale of an old black woman with a nature for being jovial; it shows Twain’s unique way o f addressing racial legacies of the Civil War and Reconstruction through literature. Twain’s short story which is titled in full as â€Å"A True Story, Repeated Word for Word as I heard it† is a tale about Aunt Rachel, an African-American woman who recalls her ordeals of hardship and torment while leading a life of slavery. The story begins as Aunt Rachel is seated on the front porch with the children under her care. To the children, Aunt Rachel cuts across as being very happy and without troubles and so one child proceeds to ask her whyShow MoreRelatedHuckleberry Finn and the use of Satire Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesHuck Finn and the use of Satire Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been controversial ever since its release in 1884. It has been called everything from the root of modern American literature to a piece of racist trash. Many scholars have argued about Huck Finn being prejudiced. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses satire to mock many different aspects of the modern world. Despite the fact that many critics have accused Mark Twain’s novel of promoting racismRead MoreThe Story as Told in The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By. Mark Twain Mark Twain s Legendary story of Huckleberry Finn is the tale of a young little-minded orphan boy named Huck, who is the narrator, and tells his story in which he is accompanied by a runaway slave named Jim who both embark on various mischievous adventures down the Mississippi River, Jim who is owned by Huck s care takers Ms.Watson and Widow Douglass is faced with the most challenges in the novel. Throughout the novel Huck Jim are faced withRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesLit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the characters through the diction and settingRead More Samuel Langhorne Clemens Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesSamuel Langhorne Clemens Samuel Langhorne Clemens or commonly known as Mark Twain was an American writer and humorist. Twain’s writing is also known for realism of place and language, memorable characters, and hatred of bad faith and oppression. Clemens was born in Florida and then later on moved to Hannibal, Missouri, a Mississippi river port, when he was four years old. There he received a public school education. After his father died in 1847, Clemens was assisted to two Hannibal printersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is only there in the first few chapters and the la st few chapters of the story. There are similarities between the two charactersRead MoreLiterary Realism : A Movement1602 Words   |  7 Pagesrealism what it was. In order to support the goals of these works, authors, for the first time, created stories that truly represented class and gender. The topics of class and money often appeared in these works. The people targeted for a story of realism was generally the new middle class. This was the first time that the middle class was really acknowledged in literature. Realism is all about being true to what actually happens; the author tells all that is real even when the truth may be ugly or sociallyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Tom Sawyer 1629 Words   |  7 PagesPetersburg may be small but it s got everything a boy could ever want. This really adds to the excitement and appeal of the book. Another thing that adds to the appeal of the book is the narrator point of view. Twain does a good job of using versatility and verbal skill in the narrator point of view. For example tom s words have a bit of boyish energy to them. For example tom states oh, if only i d had a little more whitewash, this is a lack of a better term, it s as if twain does more than thinkingRead MoreEssay about Huckleberry Finn is Not a Racist Work1519 Words   |  7 Pagescomes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn,† this is what fellow writer had to say about this classic novel. Still, this novel has been the object of controversy since it was published more than 150 years ago. Some people argue that Huckleberry Finn is a racist work, and that the novel has no place in a highschool classroom. This feeling is generated because a main character in the story, Jim, and other slaves are referred to many times as â€Å"niggers.† When Mark Twain wrote this book, heRead MoreNegative Influence Of Huck Finn1360 Words   |  6 PagesMark Twain’s â€Å"Huck Finn† â€Å"Huck Finn† story can be a debatable when it comes to history, and what the story is about. Some argue that Mark Twain’s abuse of using the â€Å"N† word triggers racism especially that this book was written when slavery became illegal. As one student said, It is estimated that the word nigger is used 392 times which reinforces a negative stereotype of African Americans represented by the use of this derogatory word (Jackson). Some can still argue that this book can be a badRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1423 Words   |  6 Pagesis still going on. In this book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain was a prime example of how most children were raised to be and how it produced a wrong perception on slaves. Mark Twain wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because of a direct effect off of his personal experiences in his time. Any difference in another human shouldn’t determine greeting or befriending another pers on was the message Mark Twain was trying to send was due to the struggles he seen a slave go through

A Career in Public Health Essay examples - 1247 Words

There is no doubt, with the advances in technology as a population we are continuing to live longer; yet with the cost of medical care constantly on the rise, is it any wonder an industry would develop out of the concept of â€Å"preventative† maintenance? We are all too aware of this concept. Everyone from large corporations who strive to maintain their expensive equipment in an attempt to secure the bottom line, to the local neighbor who would rather afford the costs of preventative maintenance over the expense of replacing a broken down vehicle. To that effect, automobile manufacturers have even begun to include major necessary â€Å"preventative maintenance† items in owner’s manuals. For instance, I have to replace the timing belt and water†¦show more content†¦There is another level of association that is as equally important in the role. Within the umbrella of public health it be described as â€Å"†¦a system of governmental agencies at the national, state or local level. These agencies fulfill a legal responsibility to protect and promote the health of the citizens in a given jurisdiction.†(2) Overall, these professionals try to â€Å"prevent problems from happening or re-occurring through implementing educational programs, developing policies, administering services, regulating health systems and some health professions, and conducting research.†(1) As an educator and as someone within the health profession, the Public Health Specialist will embark on opportunities to play an important role in the lives of those whom they serve or come in contact with either at local schools, work places, neighbors and/or within their community. And, unlike the medicalShow MoreRelatedCareer Paths Within The Public Health Concentration913 Words   |  4 PagesIn the beginning of the semester, taking the Observations of Health Agencies course was a bit hectic for me due to the scheduling. At first I had to find a balance between my hours, school and work but by the second placement, I began to manage all at once. The interesting part of taking this course, is that it helps you fur ther understand that there are different career paths within the public health concentration. I’ve had the pleasure of having a satisfying placement, as well as a challengingRead MoreEssay about Pusuing a Career in Medicine and Public Health885 Words   |  4 PagesThe asocial environment of the laboratory did not suit my personality. I left at the end of the summer reconsidering my goals, feeling that my personality was not suitable for a successful career in bench research involving animals. Returning to Vassar, I realized that I was newly uncertain about my career plans. The work I was doing in my classes was interesting, but it was not helping me make decisions about what I wanted to do with my future. Vassar did not seem like the right place for meRead MoreCareer Objectives And How Will Masters852 Words   |  4 Pages 1) CAREER OBJECTIVES AND HOW WILL MASTERS OF NURSING PROGRAM ADVANCE THEM My career objectives are to advance my nursing career through professional development of self by engaging in long life learning through continuing education in graduate school. Also, to assume leadership role in the use of evidence based research in healthy public policy and contribute to population health. Nursing is a field that keeps unfolding and requires updated knowledge to provide quality care, meet the professionalRead MoreAn International Student Of Public Health Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesTrying to Fulfil a Dream As an international student, public health is not a major you hear about regularly. As a Middle-Eastern, everyone is expected to pursue a degree in Medicine, Engineering or Pharmacy. I recall the most common question I got asked when I mentioned I was majoring in public health was, â€Å"...so, you are going to be a nurse?† The idea was introduced to me by my mother some years back, who is a physician, who thought it would suit my lifetime general goals. As a child I rememberRead MoreThe Importance Of Epidemious Diseases In My Life1108 Words   |  5 Pagesinto Florida Agricultural Mechanical University with an Associate’s degree and absolutely no idea what I wanted to do with that degree. It wasn’t until my encounter with my Microbiology class that I received a glimpse of the possibility of my dream career. I remember looking at my Microbiology with Diseases textbook enthralled with the world of viruses. The idea that these microscopic agents bring so much havoc into a person’s life attracted me; they are able to invade a person’s body and use theRead MoreThe United States Air Force1195 Words   |  5 Pagesdistinct capabilities possible. The Public Health Technology, AFSC 4E0X1, career field is 1 of 133 different career fields in the USAF. The Public Health career field is a part of the medical group and falls under the Air Force Medical Service (AFMS). The mission of the AFMS is to provide seamless health service support to the USAF and combatant commanders. The AFMS assists in sustaining the performance, health and fitness of each and every airman. The Public Health career field mission is to prevent diseaseRead MoreMy Life And Admiration For The Healthcare Field998 Words   |  4 Pagesyouth, I have chosen to pursue a career in the service of others through the publ ic health field. Confronting the experience of being diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis at a young age and the subsequent years of treatment that went along with it taught me how to take better care of my body and to improve my well-being. This has led to an additional passion of mine—to find innovative ways to encourage individuals to become more engaged in their own health and the health of significant others in theirRead MoreThe Health Care Of The Public Health Field770 Words   |  4 PagesI became drawn to the health care field during my teenage years, when I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease affecting various joints. As I went through years of treatment, my physician and other medical professionals were profoundly helpful and motivational in keeping a positive attitude. They were also inspirational as I saw the genuine goodness that they felt from helping people. As a result of all the help and emotional support that I received from these medical providersR ead MoreWhat Can A Person Do With A Health Science Degree?1453 Words   |  6 Pagesperson do with a health sciences degree?† most people couldn’t answer that question without looking it up. So lets first start with explaining what health science actually is; health science is a wide variety of disciplines, which are determined â€Å"through the application of science, engineering, mathematics and technology† (Health Science Careers, 2016) It’s the area of knowledge and science, which is then applied to â€Å"practical and clinical practices to maintain and improve the health of living beings†Read MoreThe Hot Zone By Richard Preston Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagesspare time I read about other infectious diseases, such as cholera and tuberculosis, on Wikipedia and other web pages for my personal enjoyment. Years later, I participated in Princeton Model Congress in high school where I first learned about public health. Participants made mock congre ssional bills to be passed in a congress comprised of high school and college students in order to implement a national change. My mock bill advocated for the incorporation of HIV tests within annual physicals. The

Trick or Treat free essay sample

The doorbell rings and I grab my candy in anticipation of young children in costumes ready to collect their holiday treats. Trick-or-treat! But instead of a young child in a wizard costume at my door, there stands a Moline police officer who asks for me. Overwhelmed with fear, I don’t know why a police officer would have anything to do with me. I sometimes speed, but that is as far as my law breaking has extended. I’m a good kid, I tell myself, I have no reason to be in trouble. He tells my parents and I to sit down someplace comfortable. We settle in the living room. I’m in a chair by myself. My family, along with the police officer, stares at me. I still don’t know what this has to do with. I didn’t do anything. I twist the ring on my index finger. We will write a custom essay sample on Trick or Treat or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He asks me what my relationship is with Ethan. Ethan is my boyfriend, but my parents are unaware that we are still dating. They thought we broke up. I can’t lie in front of him. So, I tell him yes. I am in a relationship with Ethan. Trick. The police officer, Detective Taylor, starts his story. He starts telling me the truth. He tells me who the supposed ‘love of my life’ really is. My phone starts blowing up with messages in the other room. It’s Ethan. I’ll never reply though. I’ll never want to hear from him again. Detective Taylor tells me of the drug abuse, the robberies, the girlfriends, the drinking, the lying, the deception of Ethan. Everythings coming together and everything is finally making sense. All of my coils with Ethan finally have backstories. I know all. Everything hurts, though. The truth really hurts. By the time the police officer finishes, my sobs are the only thing that consume the room. My parents know everything now, and so do I. Not only did Ethan hurt me, but he hurt my parents. And with him, I hurt my parents, too. How could I actually have been with someone and even loved someone that could ruin me like this? How could I have been stupid enough to let him? I find shelter in my room after the police officer leaves. My parents begin discussing my punishment, and they had a lot to punish me for. The lies. The pictures. The stupidity. The misplaced trust. The abuse of my freedom. In the 30 minutes that my family talked to the police officer, I grew up more than I ever could in the past year and a half. I had been stupid and reckless and dumb, but none of it mattered anymore, because all my lies were now just punishments to be handed out, and I no longer had to be with Ethan anymore. I was free. And finally looking back, I learned that I am older and wiser and brighter. And I am finally done with the boy who I battled for many, many months. Growing up and forgetting him was the only way that I could keep my head above water, and I’m glad that I’m still swimming The last text I ever said to him was â€Å"I love you,†and the last words I ever said to him were â€Å"I never want to hear from you again,† and I know it’s a big contrast, but both of those last words still hold true.

Land Use Pattern of India free essay sample

Land Use Pattern in India is mainly determined by economic, institutional and physical structure. Land area in India is ample but that needs proper care to survive and sustain. /answers Magazine siemens. com/answers/capoeira-india Is it possible to dance away your fears? Watch video and learn more! Land use pattern in India relates to the physical characteristics of land, the institutional and other resources framework like labour, capital available. All these aspects are associated with the economic development. India has a total land area of approximately 328 million hectares. Mostly, land utilisation statistics are obtainable for almost 93 % of the entire area that is around 306 million hectares. It is considerable to note that every forefather over the past 8,000 years or so have been successful in harbouring nearly 140 million hectares of land from the natural ecosystem to agriculture. From the time of independence, people have been successful to add another 22 million hectares. As a result, 162 million hectares of land excels as the net sown area at present. It forms a stupendous percentage of as high as 51%. No other large country is as fortunate as India in this regard. Reporting and Non-Reporting Land The land for which the data on classification of land-use is available is known as Reporting Land. In some cases the reporting land is that land, where the land use pattern figures are supported on land records and are based on village records or papers. These records are preserved by village revenue agency and here the data is completely based on details of entire areas. In cases, where the records are not preserved, the estimates are mostly based on sample survey. Thus, the statistics of land use pattern are based on these two methods. On the other hand, the lands where no data is available are known as Non-Reporting Lands. Forum Forum on Geography of India Free E-magazine Uncultivated Land According to the available land use statistics, there has been a slight increase in the net sown area. Almost 28 million hectares have been added over the passing few decades. Around 1. 3 % of the land is under fruit trees. Nearly 5 % of the land falls in the category of uncultivated land which is cultivated once every 2 to 3 years. Thus, near about 51% of the whole area, on an average, is cultivated once a year. The uncultivated lands are subsidiary lands and are kept so to re-establish their richness. Its use depends upon high-quality and timely rains also. Pastures and other Grazing Lands The area separated as cultivable waste, has remained stationary at around 6. 4 % for several decades. The land under permanent pastures is despondently low and suggests a remarkable population pressure on the land. Also, credit must be confirmed on the farmers that with so modest land under pastures, they have the biggest number of cattle. They are nurtured mainly on husk, grain chaff, farm waste and few fodder crops. This is definitely the most economical way to have a larger number of drought animals and bovine cattle. Areas that have been classed under forests are also used for cattle grazing. Forested land in India is far less in scientific norm. For a self-sufficient economy and accurate ecological steadiness, at least one third of the total land area must be kept under forests and natural vegetation. In India, it is as low as 19. 27%. Photographic proof, gained from satellites has confirmed that only about 46 million hectares come under real forests, as opposed to the estimated 63 million hectares, according to the figures of land use pattern. However, this outline establishes a tiny rise from 40 million hectares. Forest Lands It is important for the populace to ensure that they increase the area under forests for reasons more than one. A bigger area under forests is an obligation, to maintain the ecological balance and for absorption of carbon dioxide, the assemblage of which is likely to heighten the green house effect. This in turn would raise atmospheric temperature at the global stage. It may lead to thawing of ice caps and equivalent rise in sea level, jeopardising low-lying densely populated parts of the world. Forests supply home to wildlife and help their continuation. They help in enhancing the level of rainfall, minimising cases of famine. Forested lands also help in permeation of rainwater in the subsoil and modulating the flow of river waters in both rainy and dry seasons. Forests safeguard not only water but soil as well. They, thus, help in plunging the volume of floodwaters and their ferocity. Wasteland Subscribe to Free E-Magazine on Reference 1 of 2 18/05/2013 8:49 AM Land Use Pattern of India http://www. indianetzone. com/24/land_use_pattern_india. tm A part of the land that is not utilised for the moment is classified as wasteland. This embraces the baked and rocky deserts. High mountainous and uneven lands also fall into this category. At times humankind has also been responsible to add to such areas by deforestation and overgrazing. Measures for proper Land Use The mounting population and advanced standards of living have resulted in an ever increasing demand for residential land, both in villages and towns. Cities and towns are obligated to grow vertically rather than horizontally. Land is needed to develop industry, commerce, transport and recreational facilities. In view of mounting pressure on land for numerous purposes, it is customary to plan appropriate use of all the obtainable land. This may be done by following fitting measures to control soil erosion, desertification etc. which turns cultivatable land into wildernesses. In addition, some of the barrens may be brought around for different uses. Likewise, with the help of up-to-date and scientific methods of farming, productivity of land can also be amplified. All endeavours should be made to strike a balance amongst diverse use of land. In India the capacity for expansion of cultivation to further new areas is very restricted. As of now, 49% of the entire reporting land is cultured. Fallow and other waste lands, including grazing pastures, which are not currently cultivated, is presumed around 42 million hectares, and further expansion of cultivation to such lands would be expensive as improvements should be made on irrigation and water and soil conservation. In the dynamic context, keeping in view the natural endowments and the recent advances in technology, the overall interests of a country may dictate a certain modification of or a change in the existing land-use pattern of a region. A proper study of the present land-use patterns and the developing trends will help to suggest the scope for planned shifts in the patterns in India. (Last Updated on : 29/10/2012) Share : Farm Agriculture More Articles in Indian Soil.

McDonalds Restaurant

Fast food businesses managed to survive the global financial crisis that the entire world faced since 2007. However, the fast food businesses too began to suffer the consequences of the crisis. In 2009, some fast food chains closed some of their branches as they posted low sales levels. McDonald’s, Yum Brands, KFC and Pizza Hut all posted decline in sales in 2009. The crisis intensified competition in the fast food industry.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on McDonald’s Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Participants in the industry tried to beat competitors through the introduction of new products and prices. McDonald’s is one of the companies that participate in the fast food industry. It faced stiff competition from numerous competitors worldwide. Some of the key competitors include Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Pizza Hut and Yum Brands. McDonald’s can use product pos itioning to ensure that it leads in the fast food industry. It can use this strategy to enhance its brand and lead other companies in the industry. This strategy requires that it pays close attention to the needs of the customers (The Times 100 1). This is essential because there is international promotion and export, psychological and sociological issues that can affect the position of a product in a market. This paper examines product-positioning strategies that McDonald’s can use to promote itself and stay ahead of its competitors in the international market. It mainly focuses on India and Africa as segments of the international markets. Additionally, it considers the international markets as areas outside the United States. Background of McDonald’s McDonald’s is a well-known brand internationally. It is a company that has international operations. Two brothers, Dick and Mac, established the company in 1937. In 1948, the company began to sell fries, hamburger s, soft drinks and shakes. In 1953, the company began to franchise the business. The first franchises were in California and Arizona. The brothers adopted a system of operations that was efficient and ensured fast movement of customers. Currently, the company operates approximately 31000 restaurants internationally. Moreover, the company has employed about 1.5 million individuals in its restaurants. The company has operations in more than 120 countries.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The advantage that the company has had is that it uses a system that ensures efficiency in operations. The company uses intense media hype to support the efficient process that it adopted. The media hype has been a campaign strategy that the company adopted. Product Positioning Product positioning involves stimulation of a company’s brand and its services. The brand image of a c ompany shows how clients perceive an organization. Companies promote their brands to develop personalities of their organizations. Product positioning and branding are effective only if a company maintains consistency (The Times 100 1). Consistency is important in promotion strategies that a company adopts. Images and colours that a company uses in promotions like adverts provide a brand with distinguishable features. McDonald’s uses the Golden Arches logo to position its products in the fast food industry. McDonald’s faces stiff competition in all the markets in which it has operations. In addition, it faces other challenges in its international operations. Economic statuses of some of the countries in which it operates pose promotion challenges. Technological and legal challenges also affect the operations and competitiveness of McDonald’s. Success of McDonald’s in some countries is also affected by social factors. These challenges necessitate the need for identification of market needs. McDonald’s must identify the needs of customers to develop effective promotion strategies. After identification of the needs of customers is when it can position its products appropriately within each market (Mueller 29). Through identification of the needs of the customers, McDonald’s has a better chance to satisfy the market compared to its competitors. The company has to identify its customers before it positions its products in the market. It must identify possible clients in all the markets in which it has business operations. To achieve this, McDonald’s must perform market research. After McDonald’s has identified its target population, it has to develop a promotion mix that appeals to the recognized group. It has to develop a promotion strategy that incorporates price, product and place characteristics. The company has to ensure that its products are well received in the market, and the clients are able to afford the set prices (The Times 100 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on McDonald’s Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, the company has to identify the television programmes that the targeted population like to watch. Identification of these programmes also assists the company to position its products appropriately. The identification of a promotion strategy and mix helps McDonald’s to improve sales and increase consumer loyalty. Market research also assists McDonald’s to identify factors that influence the behaviours of its customers. There exist factors that influence the purchase decisions that people make. Thus, McDonald’s has to know that these factors complement the features of the products that it offers to the customers. These factors can be psychological, sociological or economical. All these factors are vital in product positioning. Moreover, these f actors can be crucial to the customers than the products sold. Through identification of these factors, McDonald’s can shape the minds of the customers. Hence, it can determine how to position its products appropriately within a market. Key Issues McDonald’s faces a number of challenges in its attempts to position its products within the international markets. The challenges can be in terms of prices, perception and competition among others. The issues can be classified into three broad categories. These categories are international promotion and export management, psychological and sociological. International promotion and export management relate to price strategy and methods of operations that a company uses in its overseas operations. McDonald’s faces challenge in the establishment of the appropriate price for its products in some of the markets in which it has operations. Poverty and low amount of disposable income are key issues that the organization has t o tackle. The products that the company offers are perceived as expensive in some countries. In Africa and India, for example, many people cannot afford the prices. Additionally, the company has to target cities only with the products that it offers. People in semi urban regions are unable to afford the products sold by the company. They have low levels of disposable incomes and most of them practice agriculture. The layout of McDonald’s is also a source of challenge in some of the international markets. Some societies are used to the hotel environment and not the fast process system associated with McDonald’s operations. This challenge emanates from the consumption patterns of such societies. They are used to consumption of breakfast, lunch and supper. Normally, lunch and supper involves consumption of a balanced diet meal.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The composition of breakfast depends on the culture of a household. However, the layout of McDonald’s restaurants promotes the consumption of burgers and other fast foods. However, Burgers are not considered as healthy foods for consumption, especially at lunchtime in these societies (Misra and Yadav 27). Psychological challenges faced by the company in international markets relate mainly to religion, personality and lifestyle. McDonald’s sells hamburgers that contain beef or pork. However, extremely few people in some countries in which it operates consume beef and pork. In India and some Arab countries, cows are considered sacred (Tiffany 1). Hence, it is a challenge for the company to enter these markets and increase overall sales revenues. Many people in such countries are vegetarians. They cannot consume the burgers that the company sells. The company has to find ways through which it can capture these markets. These markets have high populations and can assist th e company to increase revenues. India, for example, has a population of over one billion people (Misra and Yadav 28). The perception and lifestyles of many people in international markets is also an issue that brings challenges to McDonald’s promotion strategies. Perception and lifestyle patterns are sociological issues. However, they affect the strategies that the company can use to position its products within some of the international markets. Consumption patterns, for example, affect the strategies that the company can use to promote its products. People in some societies prefer to eat together at lunchtime. However, the pattern that McDonald’s has adopted encourages people to eat away from home. This is not common in some societies especially in Africa and India. Analysis of the Issues Based on the challenges described above, McDonald’s must identify suitable solutions. It must identify the challenge that it faces in each market and formulate a strategy tha t will position its products appropriately. One psychological factor that McDonald’s can identify is vegetarianism. Vegetarianism is widespread in some of the countries in which it has operations. Some of these countries have high populations and promise high sales returns. The company must identify a strategy through which it can position its products in these markets and increase its sales revenues. This can assist it to stay ahead of its competitors like KFC and Pizza Hut. For example, in India, consumption of beef is prohibited. However, India has a large population and can assist McDonald’s to increase its sales revenues. Muslims and Indians do not consume beef or pork. Furthermore, they consider cows sacred. However, McDonald’s was interested in the high population of the country. Hence, it developed a product that was able to position itself appropriately within the Indian market. KFC and Pizza Hut do not have a product that can position itself in the Ind ian market like the Aloo-Tikki burger developed by McDonald’s (Amoako-Agyei 1). The Hamburgers that McDonald’s normally produce are made of beef. However, since many people in India are vegetarians, the company developed Aloo-Tikki. It is made of potatoes and spices and with no beef. The company also made hamburgers made of chicken and fish fillets. Moreover, the company separated the preparation processes of the hamburgers. This was done to promote the â€Å"vegetarian experience† idea that the company developed for the market. Thus, the company managed to position its products after it identified the needs of the market. It understood the psychological factors associated with beef consumption in the Indian market (Tiffany 1). One sociological factor that influences product positioning is consumption habits. In many countries, people like to eat out only on extraordinary circumstances. In Africa, for example, people meet and eat at home to share their experienc es during the day. However, due to globalization, growth of cities and increase in full time employment opportunities, the trends have changed. The growth of cities has promoted the need for fast food restaurants. However, consumption behaviour in Africa is different from that of western societies. Hence, McDonald’s had to develop new products and services for the African market. The strategy positioned its products before those of its competitors. Many African countries are used to the restaurant environment and not the streamlined structure of fast food businesses. Additionally, consumption pattern in many African countries involve breakfast, lunch and supper. Lunch and supper involve consumption of meals that provide appropriate nutritional balance. Breakfast is normally based on a household’s culture. McDonald’s had to develop a strategy that considered these factors. The strategy has helped the company to position its products appropriately within the Afric an market (Amoako-Agyei 1). Product positioning is also influenced by international promotion and export management factors. Valuation of food in monetary terms is a sensitive matter in some of the countries in which McDonald’s operates. McDonald’s had to adopt a strategy that focused on the ability of customers to pay. Normally, the strategy of McDonald’s is to enhance sales volume. It normally provides its products and services at prices that are considered affordable. However, many people perceive the prices that it offers as high. Therefore, it has targeted certain sections of the populations with its products in international markets. For example, in India and Africa, it targets the wealthy and the upper middle class people with its products. These people have the ability to pay for products offered by the company (Amoako-Agyei 1). Moreover, it targets people who have been exposed to western culture. It also operates in principal cities only in India and Af rica. People in semi urban areas are not able to afford the set prices. This strategy has helped the company to position its products appropriately within international markets. The strategy has ensured that the company operates in urban areas where there is continuous growth in disposable incomes. This has enabled the company to maintain leadership in the fast food industry. Hypothetical Strategies There exist hypothetical strategies that the company can use to tackle the challenges identified. The company can determine an appropriate promotion strategy that can assist it to position its products in the international markets. It must identify the objectives of a promotion strategy that it can use. Objectives express the goals that a company hopes to achieve through a promotion strategy. Objectives also direct the promotion plans adopted by a company and are vital in the assessment of the strategy used. Objectives can focus on acquisition of market share or improvement of sales volu me and so on. The company has to identify its long term and short-term objectives to position its products. Notably, the long-term objectives can be divided into short-term objectives. Hence, in India, the long-term objective can be to increase sales while the short-term objective can be to introduce the products in the market. On the other hand, the short-term objective in Africa can be to change consumption patterns while the long-term objectives can be to increase sales (Mueller 29). The second step is to define the methods that can be used to achieve the objectives formulated. In this hypothetical strategy, a promotion mix can be used. McDonald’s has to offer products that clients want. The company has to ensure that there are numerous choices for its potential clients. It must also be ready to change products regularly to ensure that clients are satisfied. Hence, in a market like India where people do not eat beef, the company can develop numerous alternatives to product s that already exist. However, it has to ensure that it does not interfere with the sales growth of a product that customers already know. Thus, it is essential for the company to monitor the life cycle of a product that it has developed for each market. Additionally, the company has to use adverts to position its new products within the international markets. The promotion mix that the company can use also has to consider prices of products sold. The company has to consider the psychological aspects associated with prices of products. It must consider the perception of customers about the prices that it charges for products sold in the restaurants. Hence, the company should charge relatively uniform prices in all markets even though some customers may feel that they are high. Low prices may make certain sections of the markets feel that the quality of the products is low. Thus, the company must protect the image and integrity of McDonald’s brand in its price strategy. Low pr ices may also make competitors like KFC match with the costs of McDonald’s. This may not result into an increase in demand for products offered by the company. Hence, price reduction is not an effective strategy that McDonald’s can use to improve the position of its products within different markets. Promotion mix that the company can use should include all communication methods. Adverts are the most effective method that the company can use to tackle sociological and psychological issues that affect a product’s position. The company can use radio and television adverts to promote the products that it sells. The company can then use adverts and other promotion methods like displays at the point of trade and fidelity schemes. McDonald’s can develop a communication strategy that involves different promotion methods. This can assist the company to tackle the challenges posed by sociological and psychological factors associated with different markets. For exa mple, television adverts can inform Indian clients that the hamburgers sold at McDonald’s do not contain beef. On the other hand, newspaper adverts can provide the same Indian customers with more details about the hamburgers. Additionally, it is essential that the messages provided by the different promotion methods complement each other. Any contradictions may confuse the customer and affect the position of products sold by the company. The promotions that the company adopts must also catch the attention of the customers. The adverts must ensure that psychological, sociological and other issues are tacked. The adverts must inform potential clients the benefits that the company provides. For example, it can inform customers that the fast process system saves their time. It saves their time so they can be punctual at their work places. This can make customers who prefer to go home at lunchtimes reconsider their actions. Finally, the company has to use layouts that are efficien t and that make customers comfortable. The place of operation is vital in the promotion of a product. The place of operation has to consider many features other than the layout and points of distribution. McDonald’s must consider social aspects that are essential to some communities. For example, some communities like to eat together. On the other hand, McDonald’s like a system that is fast and efficient. Hence, in such communities, the company can adopt a layout that considers the sociological needs of clients and at the same time ensures speed and efficiency in service delivery. The area of operation also has to consider the ease in management of all the activities that take place within the restaurants. Implementation Procedures The first step is to conduct a market research. This can assist the company to identify the potential customers, their ability to pay and their characteristics. Additionally, the company can determine psychological, economic and sociological aspects of the markets that can affect the position of the products that it offers. Secondly, the company can determine the best market entry method. The company can identify the best method based on the features and beliefs of the potential customers. It can develop and promote products that meet the needs and features of the customers. The company can then develop promotion methods that explain to the customers why the products suit them (Doole and Lowe 8). In this way, the company will tackle issues that it identified through market research. The promotion strategies used must also ensure that the international brand of the company is not compromised by the modifications made on the products offered to the customers of a region. Expected Results The implementation of the hypothetical strategies described should assist the company increase the volume of sales. The strategies can assist the company to shape the minds of clients and at the same time meet their needs. The strategies can enable the company to maintain international standards in promotion and export and tackle sociological and psychological issues associated with different international markets. The strategies can also enable the company to develop new versions of products that it normally sells (Doole and Lowe 8). The new versions can suit the needs of different segments of the international markets. Finally, the strategies can assist the company to maintain leadership in the fast food sector. This can be achieved since the strategies can assist the company position all its products appropriately within the different markets in which it has business operations. Conclusions The goal of this paper was to determine ways through which McDonald’s could position its products within international markets. It examined ways through which the company could do so by identification of effective strategies. It considered international promotion and export, psychological and sociological issues that c an affect the position of products offered by the company. It then provided different examples in Africa and India and provided strategies that could be applied to solve the problems posed. Additionally, this paper provided hypothesized strategies that can be used to improve the position of products offered by McDonald’s. It discussed promotion strategies that the company can employ to tackle the challenges posed by the different markets. It also discussed the advantages that can be realized through implementation of the strategies. Finally, it provided a brief procedure that can be used to implement the hypothesized strategies and the expected outcomes of the plans. Works Cited Amoako-Agyei, Erika, Egypt’s McArabia: How McDonald’s and other global firms integrate into African markets. 2011. Web. Doole, Isobel, and Lowe, R. International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and Implementation, London: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Misra, Sanjay, and Yadav, P. International Business: Text and Cases, New Delhi: PHI learning, 2009. Print. Mueller, Barbara. Dynamics of International Advertising: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives, New York: Peter Lang, 2011. Print. The Times 100, The marketing process: A McDonald’s Restaurants case study. 2012. Web. Tiffany, Hsu, Vegetarian McDonald’s: Its first non-meat restaurant to open in India. 2012. Web. 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Sovereign and Self Regulating Nations

Sovereign and Self Regulating Nations Free Online Research Papers Every state wants to be sovereign and self regulating like America, but today invisibly and imperceptibly America is looking no more sovereign , because of too much influence and interference of Israeli lobby in US. As two conservative American political scientists John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt writing an article in 2006 about the influence of Israel lobby in American politics, say and warn that â€Å"its decisive role in fomenting the Iraq war is now being repeated with the threat of action against Iran†. In 2006 former UN weapons inspector in Iraq â€Å"Scott Ritter† claimed that certain Israelis and pro-Israel elements in the United States has been trying to push the Bush Administration into war with Iran. Recently a leading American scientist Stewart Nozette has been arrested and charged with espionage .He had been working in Top Secret clearance which included nuclear weapon design information at the Department of Energy. The US Justice Department said that h e had been tried to pass on top secret information to an Israeli Intelligence Officer. As in past Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal which is also known as the AIPAC espionage scandal which claims that information regarding United States policy towards Iran was passed to Israel through staff members associated with American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) which directly lobbies the legislative branch of the US Government. Besides the fact that two former AIPAC employees has also been accused but US officials have been constantly stressing that Israeli government has not been involved in it. While as a matter of fact the US government’s current operating budget is dependent on foreign financing and money creation. The enormous scale of foreign borrowing and money creation has been compulsory to finance US’s wars which have been sending the dollar to historic lower rate. It has been reported that dollar even experienced large declines relative to currencies of third world countries such as Botswana and Brazil. While at the same time US has been roughly giving three billion per year military and economic support to Israel, although it is a relatively rich country that receives more foreign aid than any other country. US also used its veto power in UN all the time to the critics of Israel and finally the resolution was turned down due to the negative vote of the permanent member of Security Council. The US, as a staunch ally of Israel, has so far vetoed over 40 anti-Israel resolutions sought by the council since 1972.Because of this same reason UN Security Council has been unable to force an end to Israel attacks against Gaza due to the intervention of the United States. So it seems that US is not using its veto power but it has been used by Israel, which is an open secret. Similarly inside US there is a powerful interest group, who has been deeply committed in shaping American foreign policy that benefitted Israel. Especially the US policies in Middle East have been pursued because of immense force used in decision making process from Jewish lobbies. There is a dire need to think, why former President Bush used to say that â€Å"a free, prosperous and secure Israel is in this nation’s interest? Noam Chomsky, political activist and professor writes that â€Å"there are far more powerful interests that have a stake in what happens in the Persian Gulf region than does AIP AC [or the lobby generally], such as the oil companies, the arms industry and other interests whose lobbying influence and campaign contributions far surpass that of the much-vaunted Zionist lobby and its allied donors to congressional races.† One can easily judge how much American media has been free by the statement of the American journalist Michael massing, he argues that there is a lack of media coverage on the Israel lobby and the main obstacle to covering these groups is fear. The most important in this is that one does not dare to debate this issue in America and the same feelings had been expressed by Colonel L.Wilkerson Chief of staff Colin Powell. So it provide evidence that proper elements of the Israel lobby consists of organized lobby groups, political action committees, think tanks and media watch dogs has been operating in US .Is this sovereignty? Is this democracy? So whether the connections between America and Israel is so strong and great that geo-strategy, political strategy, economic strategy has been coinciding up to the level of grand strategy? If that is so then why US official has been trying to hide the involvement? While Jewish lobbies not only influences their foreign policies, political system but their judicial system and media also. Which institution left that makes States sovereign? 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Competition is Better than Cooperation In the Relations Between Essay

Competition is Better than Cooperation In the Relations Between Criminal Justice Agencies - Essay Example Intervention in regard to criminal justice system refers to the process of preventing or reducing the incidence of crime, as well as acts that minimize the potential adverse consequences of convicted offenders in the society (Gough, 2010, p. 22). Similarly, supervision in the criminal justice system is defined as the process of overseeing the tasks and behaviours of the convicted offenders within the correction component of the criminal justice with the view of ensuring that the imposed sanctions yield the desired outcomes. Supervision in the criminal justice system has also been defined as the process of regulating and controlling behaviours of the convicted through restrictions or rules with the aim of ensuring that at the end they can become responsible persons who can easily re-integrate into the society without posing any serious public safety threats (Church, 1985, 456). Over the years, there has been raging debate on whether competition is better than cooperation in relations between criminal justice agencies. The persistent question has been which between competition and cooperation facilitates effective achievement of objectives of the criminal justice agencies, and ultimately those of the criminal justice system. This paper will seek to address this question by focusing on the intervention and supervision stages of the criminal justice process. It will show that indeed competition is better than cooperation in the relations between criminal justice agencies. Customarily, the criminal justice system has not been operating as a coordinated whole. Instead, criminal justice agencies have heavily been emphasizing on their core legislative independence and functions, as well as on their operational imperatives. This arrangement has been informed by a wide range of factors. The first factor is that the criminal justice agencies have differing goals, functions, purpose, and roles and as such no single agency handles the case throughout the entire system. Seco ndly, the system is defendant focused, case and incident-based, an arrangement that makes the agencies to operate separately in order not to deviate from this arrangement (Gough, 2010, p. 25). Thirdly, a range of procedural and legal constraints keep information that had been obtained before out of the court consideration. As such, information held by a particular criminal justice agency about an incident, victim, or defendant is progressively filtered as it moves through various agencies of the system. The other factor that has contributed to the criminal justice system not to work as a coordinated whole is the power dynamic within the criminal justice agencies hierarchy and their widely diverse professional culture (Gebo, et al, 2006, p. 425). The criminal justice system has been witnessing myriad of challenges especially in regard to law enforcement and corrections. In particular, the rise of the rate of crimes such as burglary cases and rape and overcrowding in the correctional facilities has been some of the main challenges facing the criminal just